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Preclusion and Effect of a Judgment in a Civil Lawsuit

Several legal doctrines have been adopted to give binding effect to judicial decisions.

Res Judicata

Res judicata or the doctrine of claim preclusion treats a prior judgment between the same parties or...

Independence of the Judiciary

Creation of an Independent Judiciary

When the American colonists declared their independence and broke away from England, they vowed to create an independent judiciary. The colonial courts were arms of the King of...

Injunctions

What is an injunction?

An injunction is a court order directing a person or company to do a certain act or prohibiting the person or company from doing a certain act.

What standards does a...

Standards of Review for Appeals of Federal Administrative Hearing Decisions
Federal agencies make administrative decisions in regulatory, entitlement, and enforcement cases. The agency can make an informal decision or hold a formal administrative hearing in a case. If the person or company affected by the decision is...

Ex Parte Communications
What is an ex parte communication?

An ex parte communication is a written or oral communication with a judge that involves only one side of a pending or imminent lawsuit. Ex parte communications include interactions...